Abstract

Stretchable electronic systems based on controllable compressive buckling can be further endowed with superior compliance and stretchability. However, such systems are usually restrained by the interference from different loads in practical applications, so it is desirable to study their dynamic behaviors. In this article, an analytical model is developed on the linear free vibrations of a buckled thin film attached to a flexible substrate, whose results can be verified by the finite element analysis (FEA). In the model, the film is considered as an Euler–Bernoulli beam, and the substrate is assumed as a Pasternak foundation with Kelvin viscoelasticity. The natural frequencies and their corresponding vibration modes of the buckled film with the substrate are obtained. The results indicate that the increases of stiffness and damping of the substrate have negative effects on the natural frequencies. The damping influences the low-order modes a lot but not the high-order modes. This study may provide some suggestions for the dynamic design of buckled thin films on flexible substrates. For example, the controllable vibration attenuation can be achieved by choosing the substrate with appropriate viscoelasticity.

References

1.
Ma
,
Y.
,
Choi
,
J.
,
Hourlier-Fargette
,
A.
,
Xue
,
Y.
,
Chung
,
H. U.
,
Lee
,
J. Y.
,
Wang
,
X.
,
Xie
,
Z.
,
Kang
,
D.
,
Wang
,
H.
,
Han
,
S.
,
Kang
,
S.-K.
,
Kang
,
Y.
,
Yu
,
X.
,
Slepian
,
M. J.
,
Raj
,
M. S.
,
Model
,
J. B.
,
Feng
,
X.
,
Ghaffari
,
R.
,
Rogers
,
J. A.
, and
Huang
,
Y.
,
2018
, “
Relation Between Blood Pressure and Pulse Wave Velocity for Human Arteries
,”
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
,
115
(
44
), pp.
11144
11149
. 10.1073/pnas.1814392115
2.
Zhou
,
H.
,
Zhang
,
Y.
,
Qiu
,
Y.
,
Wu
,
H.
,
Qin
,
W.
,
Liao
,
Y.
,
Yu
,
Q.
, and
Cheng
,
H.
,
2020
, “
Stretchable Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and Self-Powered Sensors for Wearable and Implantable Devices
,”
Biosens. Bioelectron.
,
168
, p.
112569
. 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112569
3.
Hittini
,
W.
,
Greish
,
Y. E.
,
Qamhieh
,
N. N.
,
Alnaqbi
,
M. A.
,
Zeze
,
D.
, and
Mahmoud
,
S. T.
,
2020
, “
Ultrasensitive and Low Temperature Gas Sensor Based on Electrospun Organic-Inorganic Nanofibers
,”
Org. Electron.
,
81
, p.
105659
. 10.1016/j.orgel.2020.105659
4.
Zhu
,
J.
,
Fox
,
J. J.
,
Yi
,
N.
, and
Cheng
,
H.
,
2019
, “
Structural Design for Stretchable Microstrip Antennas
,”
ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
,
11
(
9
), pp.
8867
8877
. 10.1021/acsami.8b22021
5.
Zhang
,
Y.
,
Huang
,
Y.
, and
Rogers
,
J. A.
,
2015
, “
Mechanics of Stretchable Batteries and Supercapacitors
,”
Current Opinion Solid State Mater. Sci.
,
19
(
3
), pp.
190
199
. 10.1016/j.cossms.2015.01.002
6.
Zhang
,
C.
,
Peng
,
Z.
,
Chen
,
Y.
,
Chen
,
H.
,
Zhang
,
B.
,
Cheng
,
H.
,
Wang
,
J.
, and
Deng
,
M.
,
2020
, “
Efficient Coupling of Semiconductors Into Metallic MnO2@CoMn2O4 Heterostructured Electrode With Boosted Charge Transfer for High-Performance Supercapacitors
,”
Electrochim. Acta
,
347
, p.
136246
. 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136246
7.
Song
,
J.
,
Feng
,
X.
, and
Huang
,
Y.
,
2016
, “
Mechanics and Thermal Management of Stretchable Inorganic Electronics
,”
Natl Sci Rev
,
3
(
1
), pp.
128
143
. 10.1093/nsr/nwv078
8.
Li
,
Y.
,
Chen
,
J.
,
Zhao
,
S.
, and
Song
,
J.
,
2020
, “
Recent Advances on Thermal Management of Flexible Inorganic Electronics
,”
Micromachines
,
11
(
4
), p.
390
. 10.3390/mi11040390
9.
Ma
,
Y.
,
Zhang
,
Y.
,
Cai
,
S.
,
Han
,
Z.
,
Liu
,
X.
,
Wang
,
F.
,
Cao
,
Y.
,
Wang
,
Z.
,
Li
,
H.
,
Chen
,
Y.
, and
Feng
,
X.
,
2020
, “
Flexible Hybrid Electronics for Digital Healthcare
,”
Adv. Mater.
,
32
(
15
), p.
1902062
. 10.1002/adma.201902062
10.
Zhang
,
Y.
,
Chen
,
Y.
,
Huang
,
J.
,
Liu
,
Y.
,
Peng
,
J.
,
Chen
,
S.
,
Song
,
K.
,
Ouyang
,
X.
,
Cheng
,
H.
, and
Wang
,
X.
,
2020
, “
Skin-Interfaced Microfluidic Devices With One-Opening Chambers and Hydrophobic Valves for Sweat Collection and Analysis
,”
Lab Chip
,
20
(
15
), pp.
2635
2645
. 10.1039/D0LC00400F
11.
Yi
,
N.
,
Cui
,
H.
,
Zhang
,
L. G.
, and
Cheng
,
H.
,
2019
, “
Integration of Biological Systems With Electronic-Mechanical Assemblies
,”
Acta Biomater.
,
95
, pp.
91
111
. 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.032
12.
Yi
,
N.
,
Cheng
,
Z.
,
Yang
,
L.
,
Edelman
,
G.
,
Xue
,
C.
,
Ma
,
Y.
,
Zhu
,
H.
, and
Cheng
,
H.
,
2018
, “
Fully Water-Soluble, High-Performance Transient Sensors on a Versatile Galactomannan Substrate Derived From the Endosperm
,”
ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
,
10
(
43
), pp.
36664
36674
. 10.1021/acsami.8b11682
13.
Zhang
,
L.
,
Ji
,
H.
,
Huang
,
H.
,
Yi
,
N.
,
Shi
,
X.
,
Xie
,
S.
,
Li
,
Y.
,
Ye
,
Z.
,
Feng
,
P.
,
Lin
,
T.
,
Liu
,
X.
,
Leng
,
X.
,
Li
,
M.
,
Zhang
,
J.
,
Ma
,
X.
,
He
,
P.
,
Zhao
,
W.
, and
Cheng
,
H.
,
2020
, “
Wearable Circuits Sintered at Room Temperature Directly on the Skin Surface for Health Monitoring
,”
ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
,
12
(
40
), pp.
45504
45515
. 10.1021/acsami.0c11479
14.
Qiu
,
Y.
,
Tian
,
Y.
,
Sun
,
S.
,
Hu
,
J.
,
Wang
,
Y.
,
Zhang
,
Z.
,
Liu
,
A.
,
Cheng
,
H.
,
Gao
,
W.
,
Zhang
,
W.
,
Chai
,
H.
, and
Wu
,
H.
,
2020
, “
Bioinspired, Multifunctional Dual-Mode Pressure Sensors as Electronic Skin for Decoding Complex Loading Processes and Human Motions
,”
Nano Energy
,
78
, p.
105337
. 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105337
15.
Rogers
,
J. A.
,
Someya
,
T.
, and
Huang
,
Y.
,
2010
, “
Materials and Mechanics for Stretchable Electronics
,”
Science
,
327
(
5973
), pp.
1603
1607
. 10.1126/science.1182383
16.
Song
,
J.
,
2015
, “
Mechanics of Stretchable Electronics
,”
Current Opinion Solid State Mater. Sci.
,
19
(
3
), pp.
160
170
. 10.1016/j.cossms.2015.01.004
17.
Li
,
M.
,
Li
,
X.
,
Che
,
L.
,
Li
,
F.
, and
Kang
,
Z.
,
2020
, “
Non-Uniform Global-Buckling and Local-Folding in Thin Film of Stretchable Electronics
,”
Int. J. Mech. Sci.
,
175
, p.
105537
. 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2020.105537
18.
Yang
,
L.
,
Yi
,
N.
,
Zhu
,
J.
,
Cheng
,
Z.
,
Yin
,
X.
,
Zhang
,
X.
,
Zhu
,
H.
, and
Cheng
,
H.
,
2020
, “
Novel Gas Sensing Platform Based on a Stretchable Laser-Induced Graphene Pattern With Self-Heating Capabilities
,”
J. Mater. Chem. A
,
8
(
14
), pp.
6487
6500
. 10.1039/C9TA07855J
19.
Bowden
,
N.
,
Brittain
,
S.
,
Evans
,
A. G.
,
Hutchinson
,
J. W.
, and
Whitesides
,
G. M.
,
1998
, “
Spontaneous Formation of Ordered Structures in Thin Films of Metals Supported on an Elastomeric Polymer
,”
Nature
,
393
(
6681
), pp.
146
149
. 10.1038/30193
20.
Chen
,
X.
, and
Hutchinson
,
J. W.
,
2004
, “
Herringbone Buckling Patterns of Compressed Thin Films on Compliant Substrates
,”
J. Appl. Mech
,
71
(
5
), pp.
597
603
. 10.1115/1.1756141
21.
Khang
,
D. Y.
,
Jiang
,
H. Q.
,
Huang
,
Y.
, and
Rogers
,
J. A.
,
2006
, “
A Stretchable Form of Single-Crystal Silicon for High-Performance Electronics on Rubber Substrates
,”
Science
,
311
(
5758
), pp.
208
212
. 10.1126/science.1121401
22.
Jiang
,
H.
,
Khang
,
D.-Y.
,
Song
,
J.
,
Sun
,
Y.
,
Huang
,
Y.
, and
Rogers
,
J. A.
,
2007
, “
Finite Deformation Mechanics in Buckled Thin Films on Compliant Supports
,”
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
,
104
(
40
), pp.
15607
15612
. 10.1073/pnas.0702927104
23.
Song
,
J.
,
Jiang
,
H.
,
Liu
,
Z. J.
,
Khang
,
D. Y.
,
Huang
,
Y.
,
Rogers
,
J. A.
,
Lu
,
C.
, and
Koh
,
C. G.
,
2008
, “
Buckling of a Stiff Thin Film on a Compliant Substrate in Large Deformation
,”
Int. J. Solids Struct.
,
45
(
10
), pp.
3107
3121
. 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.01.023
24.
Song
,
J.
,
Huang
,
Y.
,
Xiao
,
J.
,
Wang
,
S.
,
Hwang
,
K. C.
,
Ko
,
H. C.
,
Kim
,
D.-H.
,
Stoykovich
,
M. P.
, and
Rogers
,
J. A.
,
2009
, “
Mechanics of Noncoplanar Mesh Design for Stretchable Electronic Circuits
,”
J. Appl. Phys.
,
105
(
12
), p.
123516
. 10.1063/1.3148245
25.
Wang
,
S.
,
Song
,
J.
,
Kim
,
D.-H.
,
Huang
,
Y.
, and
Rogers
,
J. A.
,
2008
, “
Local Versus Global Buckling of Thin Films on Elastomeric Substrates
,”
Appl. Phys. Lett.
,
93
(
2
), p.
023126
. 10.1063/1.2956402
26.
Wang
,
Q.
, and
Zhao
,
X.
,
2016
, “
Beyond Wrinkles: Multimodal Surface Instabilities for Multifunctional Patterning
,”
MRS Bull.
,
41
(
2
), pp.
115
122
. 10.1557/mrs.2015.338
27.
Yan
,
Z.
,
Zhang
,
F.
,
Wang
,
J.
,
Liu
,
F.
,
Guo
,
X.
,
Nan
,
K.
,
Lin
,
Q.
,
Gao
,
M.
,
Xiao
,
D.
,
Shi
,
Y.
,
Qiu
,
Y.
,
Luan
,
H.
,
Kim
,
J. H.
,
Wang
,
Y.
,
Luo
,
H.
,
Han
,
M.
,
Huang
,
Y.
,
Zhang
,
Y.
, and
Rogers
,
J. A.
,
2016
, “
Controlled Mechanical Buckling for Origami-Inspired Construction of 3D Microstructures in Advanced Materials
,”
Adv. Funct. Mater.
,
26
(
16
), pp.
2629
2639
. 10.1002/adfm.201504901
28.
Yan
,
Z.
,
Zhang
,
F.
,
Liu
,
F.
,
Han
,
M.
,
Ou
,
D.
,
Liu
,
Y.
,
Lin
,
Q.
,
Guo
,
X.
,
Fu
,
H.
,
Xie
,
Z.
,
Gao
,
M.
,
Huang
,
Y.
,
Kim
,
J.
,
Qiu
,
Y.
,
Nan
,
K.
,
Kim
,
J.
,
Gutruf
,
P.
,
Luo
,
H.
,
Zhao
,
A.
,
Hwang
,
K.-C.
,
Huang
,
Y.
,
Zhang
,
Y.
, and
Rogers
,
J. A.
,
2016
, “
Mechanical Assembly of Complex, 3D Mesostructures From Releasable Multilayers of Advanced Materials
,”
Sci. Adv.
,
2
(
9
), p.
e1601014
. 10.1126/sciadv.1601014
29.
Pang
,
W.
,
Cheng
,
X.
,
Zhao
,
H.
,
Guo
,
X.
,
Ji
,
Z.
,
Li
,
G.
,
Liang
,
Y.
,
Xue
,
Z.
,
Song
,
H.
,
Zhang
,
F.
,
Xu
,
Z.
,
Sang
,
L.
,
Huang
,
W.
,
Li
,
T.
, and
Zhang
,
Y.
,
2020
, “
Electro-Mechanically Controlled Assembly of Reconfigurable 3D Mesostructures and Electronic Devices Based on Dielectric Elastomer Platforms
,”
Natl. Sci. Rev.
,
7
(
2
), pp.
342
354
. 10.1093/nsr/nwz164
30.
Yan
,
D.
,
Chang
,
J.
,
Zhang
,
H.
,
Liu
,
J.
,
Song
,
H.
,
Xue
,
Z.
,
Zhang
,
F.
, and
Zhang
,
Y.
,
2020
, “
Soft Three-Dimensional Network Materials With Rational Bio-Mimetic Designs
,”
Nat. Commun.
,
11
(
1
), p.
1180
. 10.1038/s41467-020-14996-5
31.
Burgreen
,
D.
,
1950
,
Free Vibrations of a Pin-Ended Column With Constant Distance Between Pin Ends
,
Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn
,
NY
.
32.
McDonald
,
P. H.
, and
Raleigh
,
N. C.
,
1955
, “
Nonlinear Dynamic Coupling in a Beam Vibration
,”
ASME J. Appl. Mech.
,
22
(
4
), pp.
573
578
.
33.
Abhyankar
,
N. S.
,
Hall
,
E. K.
, and
Hanagud
,
S. V.
,
1993
, “
Chaotic Vibrations of Beams: Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations
,”
J. Appl. Mech
,
60
(
1
), pp.
167
174
. 10.1115/1.2900741
34.
Kreider
,
W.
,
1995
, “
Linear and Nonlinear Vibrations of Buckled Beams
,” Ph.D. thesis,
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
,
Blacksburg, VA
.
35.
Kreider
,
W.
, and
Nayfeh
,
A. H.
,
1998
, “
Experimental Investigation of Single-Mode Responses in a Fixed-Fixed Buckled Beam
,”
Nonl. Dyn.
,
15
(
2
), pp.
155
177
. 10.1023/A:1008231012968
36.
Nayfeh
,
A. H.
, and
Emam
,
S. A.
,
2008
, “
Exact Solution and Stability of Postbuckling Configurations of Beams
,”
Nonl. Dyn.
,
54
(
4
), pp.
395
408
. 10.1007/s11071-008-9338-2
37.
Wang
,
Y.
, and
Feng
,
X.
,
2009
, “
Dynamic Behaviors of Controllably Buckled Thin Films
,”
Appl. Phys. Lett.
,
95
(
23
), p.
231915
. 10.1063/1.3273385
38.
Wang
,
H.
,
Ning
,
X.
,
Li
,
H.
,
Luan
,
H.
,
Xue
,
Y.
,
Yu
,
X.
,
Fan
,
Z.
,
Li
,
L.
,
Rogers
,
J. A.
,
Zhang
,
Y.
, and
Huang
,
Y.
,
2018
, “
Vibration of Mechanically-Assembled 3D Microstructures Formed by Compressive Buckling
,”
J. Mech. Phys. Solids
,
112
, pp.
187
208
. 10.1016/j.jmps.2017.12.002
39.
Fan
,
X.
,
Wang
,
Y.
,
Li
,
Y.
, and
Fu
,
H.
,
2020
, “
Vibration Analysis of Post-Buckled Thin Film on Compliant Substrates
,”
Sensors
,
20
(
18
), p.
5425
. 10.3390/s20185425
40.
Christensen
,
R.
,
2012
,
Theory of Viscoelasticity: An Introduction
,
Elsevier
,
New York
.
41.
Emam
,
S. A.
,
2013
, “
Approximate Analytical Solutions for the Nonlinear Free Vibrations of Composite Beams in Buckling
,”
Compos. Struct.
,
100
, pp.
186
194
. 10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.12.044
You do not currently have access to this content.