... computing mesh generation numerical analysis particle flows turbulence CFD numerical uncertainty Cooling towers are equipment devices usually employed to dissipate heat from industrial processes, systems of water-cooled refrigeration, and air conditioning (Gan et al. [( 1 )], Kloppers...

... . Freitas , C. J. , Ghia , U. , Celik , I. , Roache , P. , and Raad , P. , 2003 , “ ASME’s Quest to Quantify Numerical Uncertainty ,” AIAA, 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting& Exhibit , 6–9 January 2003, Reno , NV. Speziale , C. G. , 1998 , “ Turbulence Modeling for Time...

... Transport Equation Single Grid Error Estimator Discretization Error Numerical Uncertainty Computational Fluid Dynamics As computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is being utilized more and more in research and development in industrial design, the importance of quantifying numerical uncertainty...