... for inducing acoustic oscillations were determined to be the maximum possible heat input into a fuel tube and low or no preheating ( T inlet  < 400 °F). This result matches what classical thermoacoustic theory [ 10 ] would predict: oscillations require a steep temperature gradient over the flow path...

...C Herman; M Pirtini Çetingül heat exchangers heat pumps heat transfer holographic interferometry loudspeakers plates (structures) refrigeration temperature distribution thermoacoustics 28 05 2009 2009 American Society of Mechanical Engineers ...

... Resistance Heat Transfer Measurement Techniques Thermoacoustics Thin Films Thermal property data are important for any material that experiences heat transfer. The thermal conductivity and diffusivity of thin films are essential for the thin film manufacturing process, as well...