Fig. 1 Ballast cleaning machine in operation on a railway track, ballast material, and the wear-resistant components are highlighted for clarity More about this image found in Ballast cleaning machine in operation on a railway track, ballast material,...

Fig. 2 Pin-on-disk wear test with a cylindrical ballast material attached to the sample holder More about this image found in Pin-on-disk wear test with a cylindrical ballast material attached to the s...

Fig. 3 XRD pattern of as-received wear plate samples S1 and S2 More about this image found in XRD pattern of as-received wear plate samples S1 and S2

Fig. 4 Images of the as-received wear plate samples: ( a ) S1 and ( b ) S2 More about this image found in Images of the as-received wear plate samples: ( a ) S1 and ( b ) S2

Fig. 5 Optical images of wear samples S1 and S2 showing bainitic lath microstructure at ( a ) 20× magnification, and ( b ) 50× magnification More about this image found in Optical images of wear samples S1 and S2 showing bainitic lath microstructu...

Fig. 6 SEM microstructural images of as-received wear samples: ( a ) S1 and ( b ) S2 More about this image found in SEM microstructural images of as-received wear samples: ( a ) S1 and ( b ) ...

Fig. 7 EBSD images of wear samples S1 and S2: ( a ) image quality map, ( b ) grain scale map, ( c ) grain boundary map, ( d ) grain scale map for misorientation, ( e ) phase map, and ( f ) distribution of grain boundary misorientation angle More about this image found in EBSD images of wear samples S1 and S2: ( a ) image quality map, ( b ) grain...

Fig. 8 Weight loss analysis on samples S1 and S2: ( a ) weight loss observed on the disk and ( b ) weight loss observed on the ballast pin More about this image found in Weight loss analysis on samples S1 and S2: ( a ) weight loss observed on th...

Fig. 9 Comparison of coefficient of friction at different loads of ( a ) 10 N, ( b ) 15 N, and ( c ) 20 N for the wear plate samples S1 and S2 More about this image found in Comparison of coefficient of friction at different loads of ( a ) 10 N, ( b...

Fig. 10 Effect of varying loads on ( a ) average coefficient of friction, wear-rate of ( b ) samples S1 and S2, and ( c ) ballast pin on samples S1 and S2 More about this image found in Effect of varying loads on ( a ) average coefficient of friction, wear-rate...

Fig. 1 ( a ) Young's modulus and ( b ) loss factor of UD fiber-reinforced epoxy composites in the longitudinal direction (measured by DMA tests at 1 Hz and ambient temperature) More about this image found in ( a ) Young's modulus and ( b ) loss factor of UD fiber-reinforced epoxy co...

Fig. 2 Beam integrated with a layer of ACLD: ( a ) VECM layer and ( b ) pure VEM More about this image found in Beam integrated with a layer of ACLD: ( a ) VECM layer and ( b ) pure VEM

Fig. 3 Beam integrated with a layer of ACLD: ( a ) VECM layer and ( b ) pure VEM More about this image found in Beam integrated with a layer of ACLD: ( a ) VECM layer and ( b ) pure VEM