Fig. 1 ( a ) Laser treatment platform, ( b ) schematic configuration of laser carburization, and ( c ) fully treated sample dimension More

Fig. 2 Comparison between experimental results and numerical simulations of temperature evolutions on the surface B (indirect irradiated side) under different conditions More

Fig. 3 Numerical simulations of temperature evolution at the beam center of two surfaces for both ( a ) single and ( b ) double laser treatments More

Fig. 4 General section microstructure of ( a ) as-received material, ( b )–( e ) SQ samples, and ( f )–( i ) LC samples More

Fig. 5 Optical micrographs of the sample treated at: ( a ) 75 W on both sides and ( b ) 100 W on both sides More

Fig. 6 SEM images of LC samples at ( a ) and ( b ) 75 W on both sides, ( c ) and ( d ) 100 W on both sides, ( a ) and ( c ) SE signal, ( b ) and ( d ) BSE signal More

Fig. 7 EDS mapping of the dendritic microstructure of samples treated at 75 W on both sides: ( a ) SEM image by SE signal, ( b ) Cr, ( c ) Fe, and ( d ) C More

Fig. 8 SEM image of an interdendritic region More

Fig. 9 EBSD measurement of carburized zone section: ( a ) and ( b ) show IPF of sample at 75 W from both sides, ( c ) and ( d ) present IPF of sample at 100 W from both sides, ( b ) and ( d ) are magnified characterization in carburized zone of ( a ) and ( c ) respectively, and ( e )–( h ) show th... More

Fig. 10 XRD patterns and phase composition of samples treated under different conditions More

Fig. 11 Carbon mass fraction though the thickness of single and double laser treated samples measured by GD-OES More

Fig. 12 Microhardness along laser beam center in the section ( a ) single laser treatment and ( b ) double laser treatment More

Fig. 13 Tensile test results of SQ and LC samples More

Fig. 14 Microstructure of carburized area by single laser treatment at ( a ) 15 kJ/m and ( b ) 20 kJ/m More

Fig. 1 Differential strain: shear deformations in an SLJ [ 2 ] More