Fig. 1 Overview of the integrated design process for sustainable neighborhood-scale design, detailing stages from strategic definition to building use with a focus on energy and sustainability targets (from Ref. [ 40 ]) More about this image found in Overview of the integrated design process for sustainable neighborhood-scal...

Fig. 2 Proposed workflow—briefing and concept design stages More about this image found in Proposed workflow—briefing and concept design stages

Fig. 3 Proposed workflow—spatial coordination and technical design stages More about this image found in Proposed workflow—spatial coordination and technical design stages

Fig. 4 Framework definition More about this image found in Framework definition

Fig. 1 Literature screening process for this review study More about this image found in Literature screening process for this review study

Fig. 2 The technology pathway of zero-carbon building More about this image found in The technology pathway of zero-carbon building

Fig. 3 Schematic illustration of ( a ) low-rise and ( b ) high-rise buildings with rooftops photovoltaic panels More about this image found in Schematic illustration of ( a ) low-rise and ( b ) high-rise buildings with...

Fig. 4 Contribution ratio of rooftop photovoltaic to building energy consumption in different functional buildings across various climate zones in China. HSCW is the abbreviation for hot summer and warm winter, and HSWW stands for hot summer and cold winter [ 45 ]. More about this image found in Contribution ratio of rooftop photovoltaic to building energy consumption i...

Fig. 5 Good interaction with grid help building decarbonization More about this image found in Good interaction with grid help building decarbonization

Fig. 6 Diagram of PV power trading between suburban and high-density urban buildings More about this image found in Diagram of PV power trading between suburban and high-density urban buildin...

Fig. 7 Carbon emissions statistics for various building materials [ 100 ] More about this image found in Carbon emissions statistics for various building materials [ 100 ]

Fig. 8 Schematic diagram of building decarbonization solutions from a collaborative perspective More about this image found in Schematic diagram of building decarbonization solutions from a collaborativ...

Fig. 1 Weather stations used in Puerto Rico and USVI for maximum temperatures and heat index analysis, summer 2023. Heat index was estimated for San Juan and Roosevelt Road Stations only due to limitations of humidity data in most stations. More about this image found in Weather stations used in Puerto Rico and USVI for maximum temperatures and ...

Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of mean maximum temperature: ( a ) historical (summer 1991–2020), ( b ) summer 2023, and ( c ) anomalies across Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands (dots represent the location of the stations) More about this image found in Spatial distribution of mean maximum temperature: ( a ) historical (summer ...

Fig. 3 Daily maximum heat index and temperature for historical summer climatology (2001–2020) for both San Juan and Roosevelt roads, Puerto Rico . Both plots are overlaid on a heat index classification scale with color 8 Oppong, Hibbert and González-Cruz [ 19 ] coded zones indicating “Caution” (ye... More about this image found in Daily maximum heat index and temperature for historical summer climatology ...